{
  "better_direction": null,
  "coverage": {
    "end": "2026-07-31",
    "start": "2015-08-01"
  },
  "description": "New Zealand citizens arriving to live in New Zealand, leaving to live overseas, and the difference between arrivals and departures, over each year ended the release month. Figures come from Stats NZ's unadjusted migration estimates.",
  "id": "nz-citizen-migration",
  "issues": [],
  "kind": "balance",
  "limitations": [
    "Provisional estimates are revised as more travel history becomes available.",
    "Counts cover people migrating for 12 months or more, measured as 12 of the following 16 months in or out of New Zealand.",
    "Citizenship does not identify the country a person moves to or from.",
    "Each release gives annual comparisons for its reference month; accumulated releases retain earlier periods and use newer estimates for overlapping periods."
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "adapter": "statsnz-migration-tables",
    "merged_snapshots": [
      "data/raw/statsnz-migration-tables/2026-10-11_f0dfd28ac8bc.xlsx"
    ],
    "origin": "https://www.stats.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/International-migration/International-migration-July-2026/Download-data/international-migration-july-2026.xlsx",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T07:33:51.202Z",
    "sha256": "f0dfd28ac8bcbe1f8b10918fe11ec07f2fd4b4ef2e518c3f94f928a00b484c6a",
    "snapshot": "data/raw/statsnz-migration-tables/2026-10-11_f0dfd28ac8bc.xlsx"
  },
  "related": [
    "migration-totals",
    "migration-by-citizenship"
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.arrivals.nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 39024
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 38143
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 35228
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 35532
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 42695
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 36374
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 23067
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 23565
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 22288
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 27,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 24853
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 257,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 26631
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Migrant arrivals(2)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: arrivals (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.departures.nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 42040
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 41268
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 42382
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 40142
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 23301
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 24350
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 38726
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 61204
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 67267
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 53,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 65225
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 460,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 64966
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Migrant departures(3)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: departures (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.net.nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -3016
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -3125
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -7154
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -4610
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 19394
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 12024
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -15659
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -37639
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -44979
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 58,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": -40372
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 520,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": -38335
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Net migration(4)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: net (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    }
  ],
  "source": {
    "id": "statsnz-migration-tables",
    "landing_url": "https://www.stats.govt.nz/topics/migration",
    "licence": {
      "attribution": "This work is based on Stats NZ's data which are licensed by Stats NZ for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-11",
      "evidence": "https://www.stats.govt.nz/about-us/copyright/",
      "exclusions": "Photos, graphics and logos are excluded.",
      "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
      "reuse": "open-licence",
      "status": "confirmed",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    },
    "name": "International migration release tables: citizenship and direction",
    "organisation": "Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa",
    "publication_date": "2026-09-14"
  },
  "title": "New Zealand citizen migration: arrivals, departures and net",
  "topic": "migration"
}